As an instance, she cited that National Hydel Power Corporation has given
the state government of Arunachal Pradesh an advance of Rupees 250
crores towards construction of hydroelectric projects. Arunachal Pradesh
will generate 60,000 MW at the cost of displacing the livelihood and
homes of thousands of people.
Women are being displaced from traditional food-chain cycle. There has
been no homework regarding the environmental capacity of the area. Women
were involved in carrying mushrooms, herbs and non-timbre products. It
is against this background that the the shift to chemical intensive
agriculture specially the shift to chemical intensive agriculture (eg.
growing of Zetropha for bio-diesel, growing of broomsticks) in prime
area for food grains has also alienated women from their natural way of
farming for subsistence because in all these areas women had a heavier
share of the burden of food production. In recent years, the Mehgalaya
government has encouraged broom cultivation that has led to degradation
of the quality of soil.
North Eastern states have also attracted investments from private mining
companies due to rich mineral resources. Lafarge Cement and other
private investors have used common property resources to extract
limestone to manufacture cement. There is a growing trend of shift in
land management from common property management system; in which the
land is in the name of female, to individual management system.
Lands brought for development purposes are usually being bought
in the name of a male family member, which is creating land alienation
and loss of property rights guaranteed under traditional system.
Rosemary Dzuvichu pointed out that most of the tribal areas of North
East have strict customary laws, which are stricter for women. There are
no land rights or property rights for women. In matrilineal societies,
mother’s brother exercises control over
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the land in the woman’s name. Literacy rate is high among
women, 80% of women are involved in traditional agriculture and there is
a sharp growth in drug addiction. There is an absence of women friendly
banking system or involvement of women in decision-making process. Women
who have protested for access to equal role have faced violence. There
is a high rate of malnutrition and more one than one –third of the
affected women are single women.
People are being displaced due to mining and various extraction
activities. Non-timber
products were a good source of income for women; are now getting lost
when individual buys communal property for above-mentioned reasons.
Similarly the recent years have seen a growing trend of
acquisition of land for educational or military purpose.
The above mentioned circumstances have led to displacement of women from
their land which was a source of livelihood and social security. Thus
women are forced to migrate to urban areas and are susceptible to social
or cultural loss, vulnerability, violence and undignified and dependent
life.
In the coal mining areas, the water bodies have become sulphurised and
families have been forced to move to areas where water is potable but
such areas are densely populated. Women who had 4-5 room houses in their
place of origin currently have shifted to one room house which also
serves as kitchen. Thus there is a transformation of ecologically
sustainable villages to shantytowns.
The loss of right to cultivate traditional crops for food to the system
of growing cash crops and not being assured of its market has also made
negative impact on women’s lives. In North East, the notion of
independence (within family) is- "you do not feed me so I can take
my own decisions" i.e. the person who feeds has a greater control
in matters. Thus when women
are alienated from land, there is not only loss of livelihood but also a
growing dependency of women on men leading to
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