Andhra Pradesh being agriculture and livestock, those facing the
brunt of mass scale displacement due to the so-called agricultural
reforms formed the main focus of her paper. It is amazing to study how
the agriculturists cope with the displacement and try to rebuild their
livelihood amidst crisis.
The most obvious outcome of agricultural displacement is the change of
occupation. For example, a huge lot of women, after being displaced from
Mehboobnagar agricultural area, have moved to plastic-manufacturing
units in other metros, as Delhi, Mumbai etc. This job entails huge
health hazards, not just for the women themselves but also for their
children who often have to accompany their mothers to the units in
absence of any other guardian at home. Migration of this kind is
justified by the police and other governing authorities as a way to cut
down on poverty. Migration is a misleading image of ‘agricultural
distress’. Though migration, is often made to imply greater economic
growth and flourishing new jobs, in reality it continues to be the evil
face of agricultural distress, which often go unnoticed or unaddressed.
In the lecture and discussion on Internal Displacement in India –
Overview by Sabyasachi Basu Ray Chaudhury, Senior Researcher, Calcutta
Research Group and Professor, Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta, he
highlighted that the major difference between the two categories of
displaced persons are the fact that
refugees are protected by the 1951 convention and the 1961
protocol whereas internally displaced persons depend entirely on their
state or government to provide assistance and in most cases the very
same governments are the cause of harm, thereby making them vulnerable.
Since 1990 the disintegration of the Soviet Union. and the neo-liberal
inclination of the agenda for development has been responsible for the
increase in the number of internally displaced. Since the economic
reforms of the 90s, the amount of development-induced displacement had
increased dramatically. As
far as India is concerned there are three categories of IDPs in |
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India:
1.
Conflict-induced
2. Development-induced
3.
Disaster-related
He concluded his presentation with the note on the resettlement and
rehabilitation policies. He stated that women, children and senior
citizens are the most vulnerable to torture and sexual exploitation.
When indigenous people are displaced, they resettle in another place, do
menial jobs or suffer starvation. The shift of balance of power at the
state level also changes the situation of displaced persons as the
loyalties of the state and the persons involved change.
The discussion on 'Media and Displacement' revolved mainly around the
ways media addresses the reports on displacement. The media was accused
of being insensitive towards cases of displacement. Media often failed
to follow-up a displacement report or even trace the whole crisis to its
genesis. Media is more keen on sensationalising a report, specially if
that involved resistance movements led by women or women activists.
False sensationalising of the reports only lead to the main issues
loosing their importance. The media can hardly be seen to take up an
active role in relief processes, rehabilitation programmes of the
displaced lot. The most important drawback of the media is its taking
sides with the ruling governments of the state that it is working in.
The media, instead of acting as a neutral reporting body, becomes a
weapon for the ruling government to defend their cause. It often becomes
difficult for the media, specially the local ones, to act as neutral
bodies, given that every one of them has their own financers to satisfy.
The national media houses were also accused of not reporting local
issues that are of immense importance as issues of violation of human
rights, injustice or forced displacements. As a result, the local news
fails to make space among national readership.
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